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Geographic ReachDigital ConversionHistoryTechnical DetailsVariantsComparative QualityVertical Interval ReferenceCountries and Territories That Are Using Or Once Used NTSCSee AlsoSourcesThe NTSC standard was used in most of the Americas (except Argentina Brazil Paraguay and Uruguay) Liberia Myanmar South Korea Taiwan Philippines Japan and some Pacific Islandsnations and territories (see map) Most countries using the NTSC standard as well as those using other analog television standards have switched to or are in process of switching to newer digital television standards with there being at least four different standards in use around the world North America parts of Central America and South Korea are adopting or have adopted the ATSC standards while other countries such as Japan are adopting or have adopted other standards instead of ATSC After nearly 70 years the majority of overtheair NTSC transmissions in the United States ceased on January 1 2010 and by August 31 2011 in Canada and most other NTSC markets The majority of NTSC transmissions ended in Japan on July 24 2011 with the Japanese prefectures of Iwate Miyagi and Fukushima ending the next year After a pilot program in 2013 most fullpower analog stations in Mexico left the air on ten dates in 2015 with some 500 lowpower and repeater stations allowed to remain in analog until the en The first NTSC standard was developed in 1941 and had no provision for color In 1953 a second NTSC standard was adopted which allowed for color television broadcasting which was compatible with the existing stock of blackandwhite receivers NTSC was the first widely adopted broadcast color system and remained dominant until the 2000s when it started to be replaced with different digital standards such as ATSCand others The National Television System Committee was established in 1940 by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to resolve the conflicts between companies over the introduction of a nationwide analog television system in the United States In March 1941 the committee issued a technical standard for blackandwhite television that built upon a 1936 recommendation made by the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) Technical advancements of the vestigial side band technique allowed for the opportunity to increase the image resolution The NTSC selec Resolution and refresh rate NTSC color encoding is used with the System M television signal which consists of 30⁄1001 (approximately 2997) interlaced frames of video per second Each frame is composed of two fields each consisting of 2625 scan lines for a total of 525 scan lines Initially 486 scan lines make up the visible raster although this was later standardized to 480 The remainder (the vertical blanking interval) allow for vertical synchronization and retrace This blanking interval was originally designe Colorimetry The original 1953 color NTSC specification still part of the United States Code of Federal Regulations defined the colorimetricvalues of the system as follows Early color television receivers such as the RCA CT100 were faithful to this specification (which was based on prevailing motion picture standards) having a larger gamut than most of today&#39s monitors Their lowefficiency phosphors (notably in the Red) were weak and longpersistent leaving trails after moving objects Starting i Color encoding For backward compatibility with blackandwhite television NTSC uses a luminancechrominance encoding system invented in 1938 by Georges Valensi The three color picture signals are divided into Luminance (derived mathematically from the three separate color signals (Red Green and Blue)) which takes the place of the original monochrome signal and Chrominance which carries only the color information This process is applied to each color source by its own Colorplexer thereby allowing a comp NTSCM Unlike PAL and SECAM with its many varied underlying broadcast television systems in use throughout the world NTSC color encoding is almost invariably used with broadcast system M giving NTSCM NTSCN/NTSC50 NTSCN/NTSC50 is an unofficial system combining 625line video with 358 MHz NTSC color PAL software running on an NTSC Atari STdisplays using this system as it cannot display PAL color Television sets and monitors with a VHold knob can display this system after adjusting the vertical hold NTSCJ Only Japan&#39s variant “NTSCJ” is slightly different in Japan black level and blanking level of the signal are identical (at 0 IRE) as they are in PAL while in American NTSC black level is slightly higher (75 IRE) than blanking level Since the difference is quite small a slight turn of the brightness knob is all that is required to correctly show the “other” variant of NTSC on any set as it is supposed to be most watchers might not even notice the difference in the first place The ch For NTSC and to a lesser extent PAL reception problems can degrade the color accuracy of the picture where ghosting can dynamically change the phase of the color burst with picture content thus altering the color balance of the signal The only receiver compensation is in the professional TV receiver ghost cancelling circuits used by cable companies The vacuumtube electronics used in televisions through the 1960s led to various technical problems Among other things the color burst phase would often drift In addition the TV studios did not always transmit properly leading to hue changes when channels were changed which is why NTSC televisions were equipped with a tint control PAL and SECAM televisions had less of a need for one SECAM in particular was very robust but PAL while excellent in maintaining skin tones which viewers are particularly sensitive to nevertheless would distort other colors in the face of phase errors With phase errors only “Deluxe PAL” recei The standard NTSC video image contains some lines (lines 1–21 of each field) that are not visible (this is known as the Vertical Blanking Interval or VBI) all are beyond the edge of the viewable image but only lines 1–9 are used for the verticalsync and equalizing pulses The remaining lines were deliberately blanked in the original NTSC specification to provide time for the electron beam in CRTbased screens to return to the top of the display VIR (or Vertical interval reference) widely adopted in the 1980s attempts to correct some of the color problems with NTSC video by adding studioinserted reference data for luminance and chrominance levels on line 19 Suitably equipped television sets could then employ these data in order to adjust the display to a closer match of the original studio image The actual VIR signal contains three sections the first having 70 percent luminance and the same chrominance as the color burstsignal and the other two having 50 percent and 75 p Below countries and territories currently use or once used the NTSC system Many of these have switched or are currently switching from NTSC to digital television standards such as ATSC (United States Canada Mexico Suriname South Korea) ISDB (Japan Philippines and part of South America) DVBT (Taiwan Panama Colombia and Trinidad and Tobago) or DTMB(Cuba) A standard defining the NTSC system was published by the International Telecommunication Union in 1998 under the title “Recommendation ITUR BT4707 Conventional Analog Television Systems” It isEd Reitan (1997) “CBS Field Sequential Color System” Frame rate 30 HzTransmission band UHF/VHFLines/fields 525/60Vertical frequency 60 Hz.

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